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You can search through Internet search engines (the most famous are Immowelt and Immoscout24), and through the eBay Kleinanzeigen classifieds or contact agencies that rent apartments.
The rent consists of space rent (Kaltmiete) and overhead costs (Warmmiete). Overhead costs mainly include water, hot water, heating, garbage collection and janitor. They would have to pay all of that in the monthly rent.
Additional costs are most often electricity, television fee, telephone/internet. You pay this directly to the service provider, unless otherwise agreed with the lessor.
It is worth noting that if you have a gas boiler, you pay for hot water and heating directly to the supplier with whom you entered into a service contract.
Germany is big, the amounts are not worth writing about, so look in search engines for a specific city, because prices vary. The most expensive big cities are Munich, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Cologne… If you are coming, avoid bigger cities, you will get by cheaper.
As for work, it is everywhere, don’t worry, but look for smaller cities (up to 200,000 inhabitants), because there you can find an apartment for rent relatively cheaply (an average apartment of about 70 to 80 m² for about €400, not including utilities).
You need to pay a deposit. If it’s easier for you, you can pay the deposit in installments, in a monthly amount equal to the amount of the rent. This means that you will pay the deposit in two or three installments. We are talking about agencies, and for private accommodation, it goes as the boss says. There is a possibility, if you are taking over the apartment, and it has not been renovated, to renovate it at your expense, and in return you will be denied the payment of the deposit.
When you receive and sign the contract, you need to register your new residence address, register electricity and gas (if gas heating) and register garbage. The television fee will come to you on its own. Somewhere, the landlord will report the garbage to you himself.
It should be noted that when taking over the apartment, take pictures of every corner of the apartment and immediately report any irregularity to the landlord/agency. When you leave the apartment, they will try to charge you for everything, especially in private accommodation.
If you want to leave the apartment, the legal deadline is 3 months after you notify the termination of the contract.
Likewise, if the landlord cancels your apartment, there is a legal deadline in which you must vacate the apartment.
If the landlord cancels your apartment, he must have a valid reason, which he must provide to you in writing.